Depending on the format of training and the time spent on preparation, the length of the training can vary. Pre-visit preparation includes reading the NNNS-II manual, selected articles on the NNNS, and practicing maneuvers on a doll and then with infants. Trainees will review videos of exams and review scoring with the trainer via Zoom sessions. In addition, trainees are expected to submit videos of their administration and scoring of the exam. For in-person training: after pre-visit preparation, training usually lasts 3 days but those with minimum handling and clinical experience with newborns may need up to 5 days. For virtual training: after preparation, training usually spans over multiple weeks depending on the amount of time the trainee can spend each week on practicing exams, scoring exams, and meeting virtually with the trainers.